Losing the bill of rights

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History of the Bill of Rights

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The Tenth Amendment

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Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Tenth Amendment (Amendment X) to the United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, was ratified on December 15, 1791.^[1] It expresses the principle of federalism and states' rights, which strictly supports the entire plan of the original Constitution for the United States of America, by stating that the federal government possesses only those powers delegated to it by the United States Constitution. All remaining powers are reserved for the states or the people.

The amendment was proposed by Congress in 1789 during its first term following the Constitutional Convention and ratification of the Constitution. It was considered by many members as a prerequisite of such ratification^[2] particularly to satisfy demands by the Anti-Federalism movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government.

In drafting this amendment, its framers had two purposes in mind: first, as a necessary rule of construction; and second, as a reaffirmation of the nature of the federal system of freedom.^[3][4]

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The Ninth Amendment

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Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution

US Constitution amendment dealing with unenumerated rights

Ratified on December 15, 1791, the Ninth Amendment (Amendment IX) to the United States Constitution is a part of the United States Bill of Rights. James Madison wanted to make sure that the Bill of Rights was not seen as granting only those rights that it listed.^[1] It is one of the least referred to amendments by the Supreme Court. The Ninth Amendment, when mentioned, usually plays a secondary role in supporting a new right. One of the few that depends on the Ninth Amendment is the constitutional right to privacy.^[2] What the Ninth Amendment means, simply put, is that the people of the United States have other rights besides those listed in the Constitution.^[3]

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Rights retained by the people

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Watch "Understanding U.S. Constitution | EP02 the Bill of Rights | Documentary English subtitles" on YouTube

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Watch "The Story of the Bill of Rights"

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The Eighth Amendment

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Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Pertinent part of the English Bill of Rights, December 1689.

The American Bill of Rights in the National Archives, March 1789

The Eighth Amendment (Amendment VIII) of the United States Constitution prohibits the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishment. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that this amendment's Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause also applies to the states. The phrases in this amendment originated in the English Bill of Rights of 1689. This amendment was adopted on December 15, 1791, along with the rest of the United States Bill of Rights.^[1]

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Excessive bail

Excessive fines

Cruel and unusual punishments

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